“HEAVEN’S GATE”
Riding the Comet to Insanity
On this
date, March 26, 1997, America was stunned with the news that a UFO cult in San
Diego had committed mass suicide, convinced by their leader that they were
going to join a UFO that was flying in the tail of the Hale-Bopp Comet, which
was then crossing the sky. Most who read of the bizarre cult were stunned that
anyone could believe such things, but strange cults were nothing new –
especially in California. It was in California that the infamous Jim Jones got
his start, leading to a mass suicide in the jungles of Guyana. It was also in
California that Charles Manson led his bloodthirsty “family” on a murder spree
that effectively ended the peace-loving hippie movement of the 1960s – and still
haunts us today.
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Marshall Applewhite – Insane Heaven’s Gate
leader
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California
– and Southern California area in particular – was filled with sects and
churches in the early 1900s, with ministers like “Fighting Bob” Shuler and
Aimee Semple McPherson gaining followers and garnering headlines, but they were
far from alone. Starting at about the same time that the film industry
discovered Hollywood and made its home among the palm trees, scores of
“spookeries” and “fairy farms” began showing up, too.
Decades
before the hippie movement made “free love” an international phenomenon, love
cults flourished all over Southern California. The first word of them spread in
the middle 1920s and began making news a few years later, like one “nest of
love” on Santee Street where women were forced to “speak in tongues,” perform
“devil dances,” and engage in “soul mating” with “spiritual husbands.”
In
1939, the High Priestess Regina Kuhl captured the attention of the authorities
when she was caught indoctrinating male students at L.A. City College into her
“Temple of Thelma.” The temple was set
up in the basement of one of the dorms and there, she would don robes, chant
some suggestive passages from an Aleister Crowley book and “embrace the power
of the lifted lance” – or more simply put, engage in sex with multiple
partners.
In
1946, Henry “King Daddy” Newson was arrested for running his own sex camp
called Ten Oaks. According to newspaper reports, he molested sixteen underage
girls over the course of two years. In his defense, he claimed that he was
teaching them the “beauty” of sexual intercourse. Several of the girls claimed
that he controlled their minds through hypnosis.
THE BLACKBURN CULT
The
religious group known as the Blackburn Cult, the Divine Order of the Royal Arms
of the Great Eleven, or the Great Eleven Club, was started around 1925. The
group’s founder, May Otis Blackburn, claimed to receive revelations directly
from God and believed that she had been charged by the archangel Gabriel to
write books that revealed the mystery of heaven and earth, life and death.
Apparently, Gabriel thought the goal of teaching the earth should be
accomplished though strange rituals that involved animal sacrifice, copious
amounts of sex between followers of the cult, and by stealing thousands of
dollars from naïve believers.
The horrible state of Willa Rhoads’ body
after it was found beneath her parent’s house in 1929. (LAPD Crime Photo)
The
cult began to fall apart in 1929 after police officers made a gruesome
discovery at the home of the Rhoads family on Vermont Avenue. Under the floor
of one of the bedrooms was a specially built, refrigerated “sleeping chamber”
that contained the corpse of their 16-year-old daughter, Willa. The girl’s body
was covered in spices and salt and was surrounded by seven dead dogs. The
Rhoads later confessed that they had placed the girl in the tomb at the
direction of May Otis Blackburn, who convinced them that she would be
resurrected when the archangel Gabriel came to earth.
Group
leaders were indicted later that year for theft and were also investigated in
the disappearance of several members. The indictments made newspaper headlines
when the strange rituals of the cult were revealed to the public. May Otis
Blackburn was charged with 12 counts of grand theft and the cult collapsed
after she was sent to prison for stealing $40,000 from group member Clifford
Dabney.
MANKIND UNITED
Eerily
foreshadowing the modern cult of Scientology (on which a religion is based on
the writings of a science-fiction novelist) was the Mankind United sect, which
was created by another science-fiction writer, Arthur Bell. During the height
of the Great Depression, Bell penned a book called Mankind United, a turgid, repetitive text that was filled with bold
type and large blocks of capitalized text. It told the story of a malevolent
conspiracy that ran the world (the "Hidden Rulers" and "Money
Changers") who were not only responsible for war, poverty and injustice –
they were also aliens living on earth.
Opposing
them was another group of aliens, the “Sponsors,” who had arrived on earth in
1875. According to Bell, the benevolent Sponsors were shortly going to announce
their presence and would put in place a world-wide utopia, based on universal
employment and a financial system based on credits. The workday would be four
hours a day, four days a week. Needless to say, all of this sounded pretty good
to tired, worn-out people who were struggling to put food on their tables.
In
order for the Sponsors to put their plan into place, they had to receive
massive support from the people. The plan would be promoted by the “Pacific
Coast Division of North America, International Registration Bureau” – which
was, of course, run by Arthur Bell. He announced that when 200 million people
accepted the Mankind United plan, the Sponsors would overthrow their rival
alien groups and, within 30 days, the new utopia would begin.
Of
course, there were no Sponsors, no evil aliens, and no “International Bureau.”
The whole thing had been concocted by Bell and it never numbered more than a
few thousand followers, if that. The only true beneficiary of the group was
Bell, who had several luxurious apartments and mansions, including a swanky
place on the Sunset Strip that had an indoor pool, a pipe organ, and a cocktail
bar. Bell was spotted in all of the most swinging nightclubs and spent cash
freely. He received about $50,000 a year in tax-free income, which adjusted for
inflation would be the equivalent of nearly $1 million today. His followers, on
the other hand, worked in various cult businesses full-time, including hotels
and shops. They were paid less than $40 a month, worked up to 16 hours a day,
seven days a week – which was quite a bit more than the utopian work week they
had been promised in Bell’s book.
The
cult gained the attention of the authorities during World War II. Bell
incorporated as a church (the Church of the Golden Rule) to obtain tax
exemption and began making even more bizarre claims, such as the idea that he
could be beamed to several different places at once, that the Sponsors had
advanced technology that allowed the dead to be resurrected on other planets,
and more. None of these turned out to be quite enough to gain popular support
and in 1951, Bell’s group folded and the cult faded away completely. As some
would later discover, though, he was simply a man ahead of his time. If he had
started his church a few decades later, he might be able to count some of the
biggest stars in Hollywood as his members.
FOUNTAIN OF THE WORLD
One of
the most famous cults in Southern California was Krishna Venta’s WKFL (for
Wisdom, Knowledge, Faith and Love) and it began as a quiet monastery in Canoga
Park in 1948.
The
Fountain of the World, as the group became known, first got the attention of
the press in the 1940s and 1950s for its members’ habit of dressing in robes
and going barefoot. Male members were required to grow beards and wear their
hair long. The Fountain was marginally controversial because one of the
requirements for membership was that one donate all his or her worldly assets
to the group prior to joining. For most, this was irrelevant since they had very little to start with.
The
group was responsible for a multitude of positives, including fighting
wildfires, offering shelter to those in need, and feeding the homeless. The
group gained national exposure in 1949 when the newswires picked up the story
that Fountain members had been among the first on the scene to offer aid to the
victims of Standard Airlines Flight 897R, which had crashed into the Simi
Hills, killing 35 of 48 persons onboard. Krishna Venta also taught his
followers to set up free food services for the poor, offer free room and board
to the homeless, and help emergency relief groups in times of need.
But
things at the commune were stranger than most people knew. In addition to
promoting charitable works, Venta also claimed that smoking was healthy, that
human beings were evolved from aliens, that he was 244,000 years old and would
never die (he did), that he arrived on earth in 1932 on Mount Everest, and led
a convoy of rockets here from the extinct planet Neophrates. He also claimed
that he was none other than Jesus Christ himself. To prove it, he liked to show
his detractors that he had been born without a belly button, proof that he was
Jesus, an alien, or something.
Krishna
Venta had been born Francis Herman Penovic in 1911. He was married in 1937 and
divorced seven years later. He was arrested in 1941 after sending a threatening
letter to President Roosevelt. Later,
using the name Frank Jensen, he committed a series of crimes including
burglary, larceny and kidnapping. He also spent a few months in a mental
hospital. In 1948, he changed his name and founded his religion. He also got
involved in the California legal system again when he was ordered to pay child
support from 1945 to 1951. He claimed a religious exemption but the court ruled
against him in 1955.
Venta
died on December 10, 1958 in a suicide bombing instigated by two disgruntled
former followers (Peter Kamenoff and Ralph Muller) who, although never offering
any proof to support their claims, charged that Venta had both mishandled cult
funds and been intimate with their wives. Krishna Venta is buried in Valhalla
Memorial Park in Burbank. His grave is
unmarked but near that of Oliver Hardy, of Laurel and Hardy fame. A monument to
Venta still exists in the canyon in Canoga Park where the commune once stood.
A
branch of the Fountain of the World cult was also established in Homer, Alaska,
in the years prior to Venta's death. Cult members were referred to as the
“barefooters” by locals. But Fountain membership at both sites declined rapidly
following Venta's death, and the cult ceased to exist entirely by the middle
1970s.
HEAVEN’S GATE
Undoubtedly,
the strangest of the modern-day “alien” cults in Southern California was
Heaven’s Gate, a UFO religion that was based out of San Diego and led by
Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles. At some point in the early 1970s,
Applewhite became convinced that he was an alien who was transported to earth
and reincarnated into the body of a man – named Marshal Applewhite. From that
point on, he believed that it was his mission to teach everyone he came into
contact with about the creed of transcendence. With the help of his partner,
Bonnie Nettles, he gathered a number of followers and convinced them to give up
everything that they owned (including their children) and to prepare themselves
for the trip to the “Evolutionary Level Above Human.” Applewhite’s preparation
included months of extreme psychological mind control experiments, starvation,
and celibacy. Some cult members even went as far as to castrate themselves.
Although
mostly unknown to the mainstream media, Heaven’s Gate was known in UFO circles
and had been the subject of criticism by respected UFO writer Jacques Vallee.
In Messengers of Deception, he
described an unusual public meeting organized by the group and expressed concerns
about many UFO contactee groups' authoritarian political and religious
outlooks, including the views of Heaven’s Gate.
The
group's end coincided with the appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997.
Applewhite convinced 38 followers to commit suicide, which he claimed would
allow their souls to board a spaceship that they believed was hiding behind the
comet. The cult believed that the planet Earth was about to be “recycled,” or
wiped clean, and that the only chance they had to survive was to leave it immediately.
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The Heaven’s Gate crime scene photos
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On
March 26, 1997, 38 members of the cult, along with Marshall Applewhite, were
found dead in a rented mansion in the upscale San Diego community of Rancho
Santa Fe. As the Hale-Bopp comet approached the earth, the group members drank
citrus juice to ritually cleanse their bodies of impurities. The suicides were
then accomplished by ingesting phenobarbital, mixed with vodka, and by tying
plastic bags around their heads to induce asphyxiation. The cult members were
found lying neatly on their bunk beds, their faces and torsos covered by a
square, purple cloth – and plastic bags secured over their heads. Each member
carried a five dollar bill and three quarters in their pockets. All 39 were
dressed in identical black shirts and sweat pants, brand new black-and-white
Nike athletic shoes, and armband patches reading "Heaven's Gate Away
Team."